Emotional Intelligence And Human Primates - 1709 Words

It is widely argued that there are a set of universal or basic emotions that are not common solely to humans (Ekman 1992) but whether or not secondary emotions and the extent to which non-basic emotions are found in primates is less well-known. There is a strong suggestion that non-human primates are capable of empathy and that it is a phylogenetically-continuous trait (Preston and de Waal 2002). Whether or not responses displayed in relation to death in non-human primates has been debated and will be examined here. The examples of grief and empathy will be used to highlight how complex the debate around emotional intelligence can be in primates and how important having a greater understanding this issue may be. Research is still ongoing in this area which highlights how relevant a topic it remains. Understanding if primates display grief, or what could potentially be interpreted as compassion, and how they might express it is just one of the emotional responses which can be explored. Whether or not non-human primates are capable of grief has been heavily debated, but outside of responses to infant death the response to death of primates is not highly observed. One of the most detailed descriptions of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) group’s response to an unexpected death of an adult is described by Teleki (1973) and resulted in excited and aggressive behaviours by the group members. This group was wild and based in Gombe and the responses appear to differ greatly fromShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Macaques1748 Words   |  7 Pagesexpression to an exemplar while other examples of different expressions and neutral faces were shown. Then they were to match a video of an expression to a photograph of the exemplar while other examples were shown (Micheletta et al., 2015). These primates performed above chance, and were able to identify expressions by category regardless of the different identities that displayed them (Micheletta et al., 2015). Results showed that the use of videos improved performance, maybe because they were moreRead MoreEvolution Is The Process Of Inheriting Traits Through Dna Over Successful Generations1319 Words   |  6 Pagesselection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce (Darwin, 1859). Humans have evolved over a period of almost 1.5 millions of years with creation, development and destruction of many characteristics. But how did humans look thousands of years ago, how would we look thousand years from now and how did early humans eventually occupy the whole earth stabilizing themselves as the rulers of the planet? The answers to the above questions areRead More A Comparison of Primate and Dolphin Intelligence Essay2329 Words   |  10 PagesA Comparison of Primate and Dolphin Intelligence as a Metaphor for the Validity of Comparative Studies of Intelligence Primates and cetacean have been considered by some to be extremely intelligent creatures, second only to humans. Their exalted status in the animal kingdom has lead to their involvement in many experiments which hope to gain a better understanding of the basis of human intelligence. These experiments coupled with analysis of primate and cetaceans brain structure has lead toRead MorePrimates And Evolution Of Primates1325 Words   |  6 PagesName Professor Course Date Primates and Evolution Primates are animals and to be precise mammals. Primates have a very diverse group and this means that not all species share the same suit of traits. They have various characteristics such as hands that can grasp things, large brains, and a high degree of learned rather than innate behavior, and other numerous traits. Humans are also considered to be primates. The order Primate is divided into two main suborders and these are theRead MoreThe Nature Of Human Nature1389 Words   |  6 Pagesmain priority at that point was simply to survive. Humans have come a long way since the stone age, and continue their advancements and innovations in the age of technology. The dictionary definition of human is â€Å"sympathetic; humane† or â€Å"to be a human being.† (Human) However, to be human is a deeper and more elaborate definition. To be human cannot be boiled down to a straightforward elucidation; it is a complex answer to a simple question. Humans are defined by their undefinability, and by the collectiveRead MoreThe Growth And The Complexity Of Thought Within Humans1449 Words   |  6 Pagesdefine â€Å"us† as humans. We have a larger brain, the ability to have and maintain a strong, straight posture for an extended amount of time, dexterous hands, the skill to use our facial muscles to our advantage in order to express our emotio ns, the potential to solve complex problems and relate with one another. Furthermore, what it means it means to be human stems from our greater social complexity, prolonged postnatal dependence, the command of symbolic language, and the strength humans possess in comparativeRead MoreConsciousness Is The Way Beings Have Their Own Personal Experiences1311 Words   |  6 Pagesadvanced and increased in the past years. The Laboratory of Nuero Imaging states that humans have at least 70,000 thoughts racing through their heads on a normal day. These thoughts make up a part of our consciousness; our ongoing dose of qualia, or private internal experiences. It is obvious that humans have consciousness, but do other organisms share this capability? One experiment compared the cognitive ability of humans and great apes at the early stages of their development. Mammals, like apes andRead MoreWhat Defines Us as Humans?1724 Words   |  7 PagesWhat defines us as humans? Calling ourselves human is our way of categorizing ourselves as a superior species.   Although we are distinctly different, we should accept that we are in the same family as chimpanzees. Acknowledging that fact doesn t mean you are calling yourself a chimp. For example, a dog isn t a wolf even though they are from the same family. We are humans. What is it about our physical and behavioral traits that enable us to develop uniquely human capabilities? Traits like languageRead MoreThe Design : The Scars Of Human Evolution1729 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Unintelligent Design: The Scars of Human Evolution,† a play on words of â€Å"Intelligent Design,† the theory that some higher power or entity created the universe instead of by chance, is part of an ongoing series from Boston University s Anthropology Dialogues. In this particular podcast, topics such as wisdom tooth impaction, a comparison of Oscar Pistorius prosthetic legs and the advantages it has over human feet, and pelvis morphology and how it relates to childbirth are discussed. In particularRead MoreThe Evolution of the Human Brain: How It Differs from Our Ancestors and Why?1765 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Human Brain: How it Differs From Our Ancestors and Why? The human brain is a feat of evolution: it has allowed humans to have complex thoughts, conscience, build tools, create fires, and much more. Humans did not acquire this simply by chance. Evolution throughout our ancestral past has shaped and moulded the human mind to its state. The earliest of ancestors, including apes, had very small brains, but as evolution progressed, so too did the human brain. The rapid progression of human intelligence

Oliver Twist A Look At Social And Economic Classes. .

Oliver Twist: A Look at Social and Economic Classes Ricas Jones English IV Ms. McQuirk 22 March 2017 Oliver Twist: A Look at Social and Economic Classes Charles Dickens’ uses Oliver Twist as a means of informing the masses of his views on the differences in the treatment of social and economic classes, while focusing primarily on the unfavorable treatment of the poor. From the unfavorable orphanages to the workhouses to the elements of crime, Oliver Twist shows that the struggle of the poor starts early and is long lasting. There are few elements in place to improve their lives. From birth to death, they are forced to endure neglect, mistreatment, and a never-ending list of bad choices. The classes are not set up in†¦show more content†¦One article detailed the neglect that took place among those confined to a children’s hospital. It detailed how the children of privilege should be proud of the care that was shown to them. â€Å"Look at this picture well, you little, bright happy children who are well and strong, or even any afflicted like these, and be g rateful for the cheerful homes, the loving friends, the comforts which surround you!† (Pediatrics, 1981). This article in particular goes on to speak about the poor treatment during infancy and how it has a tendency to extend into childhood and adulthood. Another example of disregard for the poor can be found in the ritual of disguising the unfair treatment that was received. When officials were preparing to visit orphanages and check on the conditions of the children, advance notice was made. â€Å"Besides, the board made periodical pilgrimages to the farm, and always sent the beadle the day before, to say they were going† (Dickens, 2004). This allowed Mrs. Mann, and similar caretakers, to prepare the children for inspection. Daily needs that were usually overlooked, such as baths, were a luxury that the orphans could look forward to at these times. Workhouses were brought into existence to help the poor and elderly deal with the daily difficulties of life. Acco rding to London Lives, workhouses were created to empower the power the poor to join the workforce and change their current situations. They also wereShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens Oliver Twist1150 Words   |  5 PagesOliver Twist, one of Charles Dickens greatest novel written in 1838, portrays the despotic social scenario of England at that time. The novel’s substitle is The Parish Boy’s Progress, which is a satirical depiction of an orphan boy, Oliver, who suffers from the miserable behavior of the authorities charged to care for orphan children. Oliver eventually becomes involved with a gang of criminals (Frank 19). It shows how a young mind gets manipulated by evil just because he suffers from the crueltyRead MoreThe Relationship between Oliver Twist and the Industrial Revolution1524 Words   |  7 PagesIn a decaying society, art, if it is truthful, must also reflect decay. And unless it wants to break faith with its social function, art must show the world a s changeable. And help to change it for the better. Over the many years since the publishing of Charles Dickenss Oliver Twist in 1838, many have come to know it as not only art but also as an account of the social and economic problems of the industrial revolution. Along with his other works, he would eventually inspire others to put an endRead MoreVictorian Society And Its Harsh Treatment Of The Upper Class1433 Words   |  6 PagesThrough Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens criticises Victorian society and its extremely harsh treatment of the lower class. It went out of its way to create any possible divide between the two social classes, middle and lower classes, to suppress and even eliminate the poor. It was not done in a way that would improve living conditions of the lower class but in the way that would physically and morally destroy the people that belonged to it. This mental divide created two very distinct spaces in London’sRead MoreThe Victorian Of Victorian Literature Essay1828 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Many Victorian writers believed that their writings should illustrate social and political problems of the country and that it should also serve as a code of conduct for readers. Therefore, writers of the Victorian period dealt with topics concerning changes in society and they put emphasis on moral propriety. Victorian literature is generally four characterized by a strong sense of morality and depiction of social oppression. Dickens was one of those who felt that the Victorian society neededRead MoreThe Reflection Of Charles Dickens Great Expectations1590 Words   |  7 Pagesan English writer and social critic. Dickens lived during the industrial revolution which was the great time of transformation in the nineteenth century in London. He supported the social ventures such as the foundling hospital for abandoned infants. Dickens was famous for his unique and realistic works; in addition most of his works are focused on the subject of orphans and the importance of education. For example, we have the Character â€Å"Oliver† from the novel Oliver Twist he was an orphan childRead More Overcrowding and Urban Planning in Victorian London Essay2512 Words   |  11 Pagessanitation. When questioned by the Royal Commission on Metropolitan Improvements, the following exchange occurred between the commission and Mr. James Pennethorne (3) regarding the line for the future Victoria Street: Commission: But did you not look to the means of local communication, or of architectural ornament or development? Response by Pennethorne: No; I regarded solely the sanatory question. My object has only been to ascertain how best to improve the condition of the inhabitantsRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 PagesTHE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOVEL 2 II KEY AUTHORS 3 III KEY TEXTS 3 IV TOPICS 3 INTRODUCTION Many associate the word â€Å"Victorian† with images of over-dressed ladies and snooty gentlemen gathered in reading rooms. The idea of â€Å"manners† does sum up the social climate of middle-class England in the nineteenth century. However, if there is one transcending aspect to Victorian England life and society, that aspect is change. Nearly every institution of society was affected by rapid and unforeseeable changesRead MoreLiterary Tendency of Victorian Literature: Special Reference to Lord Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning3101 Words   |  13 Pages literary schools, as well as, social, political and religious movements flourished. It was a time of prosperity, broad imperial expansion, and great political reform. It was also a time, which today we associate with prudishness and repression. Without a doubt, it was an extraordinarily complex age that has sometimes been called the Second English Renaissance. It is, however, also the beginning of Modern Times. During the Victorian Age, great economic, social, and political changes occurredRead MoreAnalysis of Short Story: Armor10060 Words   |  41 Pagesand actions of the characters and it can be very crucial in the sense that it may influence the type of conflict and the complication which arise in the story. It is not merely a place but it takes into consideration the place where, the time, and social condition under which the story moves along. This can also include the atmosphere, the tone or the felling of the story. The people in the short story are the characters who create a dominant impression on readers. They are the living beings in theRead More Importance of Setting in Great Expectations Essay3386 Words   |  14 PagesImportance of Setting in Great Expectations      Ã‚   Charles Dickens viewed London as a place of economic competition and death. In Great Expectations, he used the prevalent bleakness of the places in London to illustrate the unproductiveness of the social and economic struggle which he viewed as fatal, both literally and figuratively. His depiction of this economic struggle is reflective of the nineteenth centurys preoccupation with the rise of the middle-class. Janice Carlisle says, The

The Financial Crisis’ Lack of Impact on IB Programs Free Essays

The past year everyone in Greece is complaining about the financial crisis that hit the country during the autumn of 2009. Although in the beginning most people believed that the country would be able to go through it without major problems, they were soon proven wrong. Not only Greece wasn’t able to manage the crisis but almost faced bankruptcy and had to go under the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in order to survive. We will write a custom essay sample on The Financial Crisis’ Lack of Impact on IB Programs or any similar topic only for you Order Now The financial measures enforced by the IMF affected the financial situation of all citizens of Greece. Although the richest families even started facing financial problems, the number of students graduating from private schools not only did not have a decrease, but in contrast had a small increase. In Greece, in order to be sure one will study abroad, it would be best the student would follow the International Baccalaureate program, mostly referred to as IB. Since the first year the IB program came to Greece by Moraitis School (1984) the number of students deciding to follow it and go study abroad has been increasing steadily. But not only has the number of students graduating from private high schools increased, during a very severe financial crisis, but the percentage of students going to study abroad through the IB program has remained stable. Despite the fact that the tuition fees for the International Baccalaureate are more than those for the regular Greek high school program offered by private schools. During the academic years prior to the economic crisis, the IB program had a steady increase of 10% when it came to its students. More specifically the academic year 2006/07 the percentage of students attending the program was 50 % and a year later it had come to a total of 60%. A year later, the academic year 2008/09, the percentage of students rose to a 70% and as it was the year before the financial crisis hit the country, it was the last year there was an increase in the number of students applying for the IB program. Since last year, the academic year 2009/10, the percentage of IB students has remained stable at a 60% despite the fact that the economy of the country is in a worse state during the past 6 months. Moraitis School statistics). Mrs. Zalma, a mother of three, out of which the two are graduates and the youngest one will go to university next fall said â€Å"Despite the economic crisis, I agreed with my son to follow the IB program, as I saw that my daughter who graduated from a foreign university has more work opportunities than my older son who finished a Greek university. † The fact that there are more opportunities for a career in foreign countries due to the economic crisis is a major reason why many students decide to go study abroad. Not only because certain specialities are different from country to country (such as law), but also because parents and students do not trust the Greek universities to provide them a high standard certificate, when it comes to universities other from architecture, medicine law and economics. As Mrs. Papadopoulou said, â€Å"I don’t mind paying higher tuition fees for our son’s education in the middle of an economic crisis, as I know he will have a better future than staying to study in Greece, due to the higher standards of the certificates of foreign universities. This is the way most parents sending their children study abroad think, having in mind not what speciality their children are going to choose but if the university they decide to attend to has a good reputation and therefore credibility or not. But this is not only the way of thought of parents that are worried about the future of their children. As mentioned above, it is also the students that nowadays do not trust the power of a certificate from a Greek institution. During the past decade that I have been working for Moraitis School, I have seen more and more students wanting to study abroad, as they do not trust the Greek educational system. They feel more confident having a bachelor degree from foreign universities, especially from the States, United Kingdom and France. † said Mr. Edippidis, maths teacher in Moraitis School. This shows that even students have the same angst as their parents concerning their future and want to go out to the workplace equipped with a strong degree, especially now in the midst of this financial crisis. In order to achieve this and feel confident they choose a more expensive but more promising program to make sure they will have a place in the universities of their choice. This way, as the trust of students towards the Greek universities is fading and the workplace in Greece does not offer the same opportunities as other countries, students and parents turn towards the educational institutes of those countries. And as they feel they will a have a better chance of entering those universities through the IB program, families do not care giving a little more to education, despite the difficult financial situation in Greece. How to cite The Financial Crisis’ Lack of Impact on IB Programs, Papers

Appropriate Tax Treatement Federal Taxation

Question: Describe about the Appropriate Tax Treatement for Federal Taxation. Answer: 1. The case aims to discuss the appropriate tax treatment that needs to be extended to the payments received by Hilary who is a professional mountain climber. The payments to the tune of $ 10,000, $ 5000 and $ 2,000 have been paid to Hilary on account of story, manuscript and expedition related photos respectively. The relevant case for the analysis of the above payments is Brent vs Federal Commissioner of Taxation(1971) 125 CLR case. A contract was enacted whereby the newspaper was willing to make hefty payments to the appellant for revealing undisclosed information about her husbands personal life. The newspaper was interested in obtaining this information as her husband had committed a robbery which went on to become very famous and hence readers were inquisitive to know more about the robber (Coleman, 2011). There was concern with regards to the nature of payment derived by the appellant. The court taking cognisance of relevant situation factors concluded that capital receipts have been derived as the contract was regarding transfer of information from appellant from the newspaper. Due to the sale of information asset, no assessable income had been derived by appellant (Barkoczy, 2015). In case of Hilary also, her skills lie in mountain climbing. Also, she has never written any story before but still she obtains a lucrative offer from the newspaper as the real asset that the newspaper is aiming for is copyrighted information about Hilarys personal life which had commercial value as Hilary was famous. The act of story writing is just a way to ensure transfer of information and does not have any intrinsic worth. Similarly, in case of other items such as manuscript and photographs, the commercial worth is extracted not from their intrinsic qualities but rather from the association with Hilary and this makes them akin to collectibles. If Hilary is not driven by profit motive while writing the story but only her own satisfaction, then it would be a hobby of writing in which Hilary would be engaging in. Hence, on the sale of the story, the proceeds would not be taxable as ordinary income since neither in Hilary a professional writer nor she had engaged in an isolated writing venture with the intention of making money. Thus, the proceeds derived from sale of such a story would also be treated as capital receipts (CCH, 2015). 2. The situation given summarises a lending transaction whereby mother in the capacity of a lender lends $ 40,000 to her son in the capacity of the borrower. The son makes a promise to return this amount along with 5% interest after the elapsing of five years. However, the mother denies any desire for earning interest income and therefore asks the son only to return the principal in a timely manner. The son is able to discharge the liabilities only after two years and a cheque of $ 44,000 is handed to the mother. With regards to discussion of the appropriate tax implications, $ 40,000 is not a matter of concern as it would be regarded as capital receipts received on account of the capital lent to the son. The incremental $ 4,000 that the son has given to the mother could potentially have three viable means to be accounted for (Woellner, 2015). Section 6(5) Assessable It is essential for classification under this section that the interest income should arise from the routine money lending business which does not seem to be correct for the given situation as no information hints towards the possibility of mother engaged in such a business (Deutsch et. al., 2015). Section 15(15) Assessable It is essential for classification under this section that the interest income should be derived from an isolated transaction which the taxpayer has enacted with the prime motive of earning income in the form of interest payment. In order to ensure the same, the isolated transaction is enacted in a professional manner. However, this is not true as mother did not want interest income and also the transaction was casual since it lacked basic documentation and legal formalities (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Gift Non-Assessable The TR 2005/13 lists down some conditions that the underlying payment needs to satisfy for classification as gift (ATO, 2005). Change in ownership is mandatory In this case, the money has been transferred from the son to the mother. Transfer has to be voluntarily done In this case, son gave the interest amount despite mothers lack of drive to take any interest as stated at the time of agreement only. No expectation of favour in return In this case, son in return of $ 4,000 payment does not expect any favours from her mother. Driven by benefaction and personal relationship In this case, son would not have made the extra payment had it not been her mother but an outsider, hence personal affection is driving the transfer. On the basis of the arguments above, it is fair to conclude that the mothers assessable income is indifferent to the receipt of the $ 44,000 cheque by the son as explained above. 3. Part a) With regards to assets, capital gains are applicable if the asset has been bought on or after the cut-off date i.e. September 20, 1985. In case of Scotts property, land was purchased before this while house was constructed after this. Thus, it is required that the individual prices of each of these assets be determined so that the respective capital gains be computed (Barkoczy, 2015). Based on the case facts, value of property due to house at the time of construction = (60000/(60000 + 90000))*100 = 40% This percentage would be assumed to be constant event today and hence it is fair to assume that 40% of the proceeds from the property can be attributed to the house. Current valuation of house = (40/100)* 800000 = $ 320,000 Following methods may be used to calculate the taxable gains from property sale (CCH, 2015). Indexation Method Construction cost value after inflation adjustment which also forms the cost asset = 60000*(68.72/43.2) = $ 95,400 Where 68.72 is the inflation value (CPI) in 1999 And 43.2 is the inflation value (CPI) in 1986 CGT applicable capital gains = 360000 95400 = $224,600 Discount method Capital gains derived from property sale = Proceeds from house Cost base of house = 320000 60000 = $ 260,000 CGT applicable capital gains after availing 50% rebate in long term capital gains = 0.5*260,000 = $ 130,000 Apparently, Scott would choose the latter method or discount method to minimise CGT related liability arising from property sale. Part b) As per the case facts, Scott liquidates the property in favour of his daughter that too at a minimal price of $ 200,000 probably with the intention to save on CGT liability. However, Scott would not be successful in this endeavour as the CGT liability would still be equal to $ 130,000 as computed above. This is because of Section 116-30 which directs the taxpayer to take the maximum value from the actual selling price and the current market price of the asset. Further, capital gains are computed using the higher value which in the given situation would be $ 800,000 (Woellner, 2015). Part c) The ownership of property has changed and hence the method of computation of CGT would change from discount to indexation as companies cannot avail the former method (Deutsch et, al., 2015). Thus, in line with indexation method, the revised CGT applicable capital gains would be $224,600. References ATO 2005, TR 2005/13 Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?Docid=TXR/TR200513/NAT/ATO/00001 (Accessed on September 5, 2016) Barkoczy,S 2015, Foundation of Taxation Law 2015,7th eds., CCH Publications, North Ryde CCH 2015, Australian Master Tax Guide 2015, 53rd eds., Wolters Kluwer, Sydney Coleman, C 2011, Australian Tax Analysis, 4th eds., Thomson Reuters, Sydney Deutsch, R, Freizer, M, Fullerton, I, Hanley, P, Snape, T 2015, Australian tax handbook 8th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2015 ,Principles of Taxation Law 2015, 8th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Woellner, R 2015, Australian taxation law 2015, 7th eds., CCH Australia, North Ryde